Understanding the Different Types of Dementia: A Guide for Families and Carers
Dementia is not a single disease but a collective term used to describe a range of neurological conditions that affect memory, thinking, and behaviour. Understanding the different types of dementia can help families and carers provide the right support, seek appropriate treatment, and better manage the journey ahead.
Here we outline the most common types of dementia and the key characteristics of each.
This blog is one of a series of blogs we will be publishing as part of our support for Dementia Action week, which is a campaign to raise awareness of Dementia and the importance of an early diagnosis for people affected by Dementia.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, accounting for around 60-70% of cases. It typically begins with memory loss and confusion, gradually progressing to affect speech, problem-solving, and daily functioning.
Key features:
- Short-term memory loss
- Difficulty finding words
- Disorientation and confusion
- Changes in mood and behaviour
Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often following a stroke or series of small strokes. Symptoms can appear suddenly and may vary depending on the part of the brain affected.
Key features:
- Problems with planning and organising
- Slower thinking
- Difficulty concentrating
- Physical symptoms related to stroke
Lewy Body Dementia
This type of dementia is associated with abnormal protein deposits in the brain known as Lewy bodies. It shares characteristics with both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Key features:
- Visual hallucinations
- Fluctuating alertness and attention
- Parkinson’s-like symptoms (e.g., tremors, stiffness)
- Sleep disturbances
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
FTD affects the front and sides of the brain (the frontal and temporal lobes), often occurring at a younger age than other dementias, typically between 45 and 65 years old.
Key features:
- Personality and behavioural changes
- Language and speech difficulties
- Lack of empathy or emotional response
- Impulsive or inappropriate behaviour
Mixed Dementia
Many people, especially older adults, may have a combination of two or more types of dementia. The most common mix is Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
Key features:
- A mix of symptoms from different types
- Harder to diagnose accurately
- Treatment focuses on managing the range of symptoms
Supporting Someone with Dementia
Each type of dementia presents unique challenges. Early diagnosis, person-centred care, and understanding the specific needs of the individual are key to providing effective support.
At Clarity Care Consulting, we help families navigate the complexities of the care system and ensure their loved ones receive the best support possible.
If you’d like to talk about care support for a loved one, contact our friendly team today.